Sunday, 22 December 2013

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Distribution system is a network of pipelines that distribute water to the consumers. They are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a combination of:
o Domestic
o Commercial
o Industrial
o Fire fighting purposes.

A good distribution system should satisfy the followings:
o Adequate water pressure at the consumer's taps for a specific rate of flow (i.e, pressures should be great enough to adequately meet consumer needs).
o Pressures should be great enough to adequately meet fire fighting needs.
o At the same time, pressures should not be excessive because development of the pressure head brings important cost consideration and as pressure increases leakages increases too.

Note: In tower buildings, it is often necessary to provide booster pumps to elevate the water to upper floors.
o Purity of distributed water should be maintained. This requires distribution system to be completely water-tight.
o Maintenance of the distribution system should be easy and economical.
o Water should remain available during breakdown periods of pipeline. System of distribution should not such that if one pipe bursts, it puts a large area without water. If a particular pipe length is under repair and has been shut down, the water to the population living in the down-stream side of this pipeline should be available from other pipeline.
o During repairs, it should not cause any obstruction to traffic. In other words, the pipelines should not be laid under highways, carriage ways but below foot paths.

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